Collection British Library Responsibility Richard Salomon
Contents AvI-GL, AG-GL Parallels AG‐Skt. Scribes BLS02, BLS01
Frame 1–5 Fragment 1 Other ID J1
Type Long scroll Date 0-100 Basis for date internal, paleography
Medium Birch bark Findspot Haḍḍa, Afghanistan ? Last known location
Dimensions (cm) 14.5 × 154.8 Lines (r) 130 Lines (v) 82
Editions Salomon 1999: 30–3; Lenz 2003: 203–38; Salomon 2008; Lenz 2010 Other refs. Japan Times 1996; Weintraub 1997; Osto 2006; Rhi 2006: 140; Scherrer‐Schaub 2009: 153
Comments

British Library acquires oldest Buddhist manuscripts known
Scrolls offer a glimpse into Buddhism’s past
Ancient Buddhist Scrolls from Gandhāra: the British Library Kharoṣṭhī Fragments
A New Version of the Gāndhārī Dharmapada and a Collection of Previous‐Birth Stories: British Library Kharoṣṭhī Fragments 16 + 25
Soteriology, asceticism and the female body in two Indian Buddhist narratives
Some textual parallels for Gandhāran art: fasting buddhas, Lalitavistara, and Karuṇāpuṇḍārīka
Two Gāndhārī Manuscripts of the Songs of Lake Anavatapta (Anavatapta‐gāthā): British Library Kharoṣṭhī Fragment 1 and Senior Scroll 14
Copier, interpréter, transformer, représenter : ou des modes de la diffusion des Écritures et de l’écrit dans le bouddhisme indien
Gandhāran Avadānas: British Library Kharoṣṭhī Fragments 1–3 and 21 and Supplementary Fragments A–C
Recto

1. (2a) (*therehi edadi)‍[ś]‍(*e)‍[hi] (2b) [bh]‍(*a)‍[v]‍(*e mama s)u[s]‍(*a)‍[gh]‍(*adi ◦) (2c) + + + + + + + +

2. (2d) [ṇi]kaṣaya aṇasava ◦ (3a) a[bhiro]‍(*o) [c]‍(*a) pra[st]‍(*e)‍[ṣi]

3. (3b) (*ase śpa)‍[r]‍(*ṇa)‍[vadaṇo] ca ⟨*◦⟩ (3c) prasadio darśaṇi (3d) b[a]ṇ[a]ve bh(*u)‍[mi roa]v[a] ◦ (4a) [te]‍(*ṇa k)‍[u]‍(*śala)‐​

4. [mu]leṇa (4b) sughadiṣu oava[ji]‍(*ṣu) (4c) (*devahodu maṇośe ya) (4d) (*kridapuñu viro)‐​

5. y[i]ṣu ◦ (5a) praceabudhasa [aha] (5b) + + + + + [.u] ? + /// (5c) + + + + + + + + +

6. (5d) [a]ghaṣe sa[rvapidao] (*◦) (6a) + ? ? + + + + + + (6b) + + + +

7. prastae ◦ (6c) śpa⟪ṇa⟫vaṇo aha a[se] ◦ (6d) ṇik[aṣa y]‍(*a aṇasava ◦) (7a) (*teṇa kuśa)‐​

8. (*la)­[mu]‍(*le)‍[ṇa] (7b) [jadu Ba]raṇasi­pur(*e) ⟪◦⟫ (7c) [Kri] + + + + + + + (7d) + + + +

9. (*pu)‍[tro aho ◦] (8a) [Ka]śava­thubu [dhriś]‍(*paṇa) (8b) [c]‍(*itu prasadaïtaṇa ◦)

10. (8c) tatra majimao kṣatro (8d) thubu a[ro]‍(*ae tada ◦) (9a) (*jetaasa ya sa)‐​

11. (*ṇe)‍[ṇa] (9b) [a]lasa aṇol[e]vaṇeṇa vi ⟨*◦⟩ (9c) thuv[ami kṣatrar]‍(*oha)‍[ṇ]‍(*u) (9d) [a]‍(*ṇohodu suho baho ◦)

12. (10a) [aya] parcimia jadi (10b) ladho mi maṇ[u]ṣu bhavu ◦ (10c) [Śaka­raya­kule] (*jadu)

13. (10d) [bhra]da budhasa tadiṇo ◦ (11a) asti mama kayaśpi (11b) maha­pu(*r)‍[u]ṣa­[la]kṣaṇ[a] (*◦) (11c) +

14. (*tri)­daśa ◦ aṇasia (11d) pariura aṇom[a]gha ◦ (12a) [pra]sa[di]aṇaho a[gh]‍(*ro) (12b) (*ṇidiṭhu)

15. sarvadarśiṇa ⟨*◦⟩ (12c) sarvo vatu mama ragho (12d) prat(*u mi ayalu su)‐​

16. ho ◦ (13a) eva Ṇadu tada thero (13b) bhrad[a] budha[sa tadi]‍(*ṇo ◦) (13c) (*śpaya karmu viagha)‐​

17. ṣe (13d) Aṇodatu maha­sare ☸ (14a) cadu­diśa[mi] saghami (14b) [kuḍa]‐​

18. gharo maya kridu ◦ (14c) Vivaśisa praveaṇo (14d) Badhumadi­[raya]­(*dha)‍[ṇ]‍(*i)‍[e] ◦

19. (15a) dhośehi prasavi sarva (15b) sastarita aha dade ◦ (15c) prasaṇacitu suma[ṇ]‍(*o) (15d) [aghaṣ]‍(*e)

20. [p]‍(*ra)‍[ṇi]si tada ◦ (16a) araghae aha b[u]dho (16b) pravaja ya aha lahe ◦ (16c) (*aṇutara ca)

21. ṇibaṇo (16d) aha phaṣea ṇibudi ◦ (17a) teṇa kuśala­[mu]l[e]ṇa ◦ (17b) (*ṇavadi ka)‐​

22. p[a] sasari ◦ (17c) dev[ah]odu maṇośe ya (17d) kridapuñu viroyiṣu (*◦) (18a) (*adida)

23. (*ṇa)‍[va]di kapa (18b) [e]ku ya kapu otvari ◦ (18c) ṇa [j]‍(*aṇi bhumie)

24. (*pada) (18d) ṇikṣivita kadaïṇo ◦ (19a) (*aya parcimi)‐​

25. a jadi (19b) ladhu mi maṇoṣu bhavu ◦ (19c) [Capa]⟨*e⟩ [aghra­sr]‍(*e)‍[ṭh]‍(*i)‍[sa] (19d) [ja]‍(*d)‍[u]

26. śpi eghaputrao ◦ (20a) jadamatra ya me satu (20b) pi[d]u chada ma[ma] ⟨*aya ◦⟩

27. (20c) dadamaho daraghasa (20d) viśadi kuḍi aṇomia ◦ (21a)

28. cadur­aghulu ya me lumu (21b) jad[u] padatal[e] rmidu ⟪◦⟫ (21c) [muta]‍(*ma)‐​

29. l[u] suharṣi śpi ◦ (21d) sapatiparami ghadu ◦ (22a) vi[r]i[va]‍(*ta)‐​

30. ṇa aho aghro (22b) ṇidiṭhu sarvadarśiṇa ◦ (22c) sarvo vatu [mama ragh]‍(*o)

31. (22d) [p]‍(*ra)‍[tu]mi ayalu suho ◦ (23a) taśpa ho [atva]ghame[ṇa] (23b) [ma]‍(*hatvo)

32. [abhi]ghakṣada ◦ (23c) sadharmu ghuruhatavu (23d) tava śpara(*b)‍[u]‍(*dhaṇu)‐​

33. śaśaṇo ◦ (24a) eva ku Rś⟨*o⟩ṇo Capeo (24b) bhikhu bu[dha]sa ṣa[vao] (*◦)

34. (24c) śpaya karmu viaghaṣe (24d) Aṇodate maha­sare ○ (25a) aha [i]ṣi a‐​

35. rañade (25b) ghramu peḍae odari ◦ (25c) istrikuṇavu adhrikṣ[e] (25d) udh[u]maü viṇi[lao ◦]

36. (26a) yoṇiho pracavekṣatu (26b) ekamatu ṇiṣidiṣu ◦ (26c) aśua bha[vae] ta[tra]

37. (26d) (*e)kaghra susamahida ◦ (27a) tatreva me ṇiṣaṇasa (27b) udaru tasa phaṭiṣ[u ◦] (27c) [ṣu]‍(*do cha)‐​

38. du bheṣaṇao ◦ (27d) samasiśpi me cavae ◦ (28a) tasa kuchie ◦ adhrekṣe ◦ (28b) pu[r]i‐​

39. ṣu baha luhidu ◦ (28c) samatadu pragharedi (28d) asuyi amaghadhio ◦ (29a) atra(*m a)‐​

40. traüṇa broka (29b) hidao udariao ◦ (29c) ṇaṇakrimi khajatu (29d) puṇa citu [a]‍(*śama)‐​

41. [e] ◦ (30a) bahiro kuṇav[u] dhriśpa (30b) śpaśariru ṇivadhae ◦ (30c) yasa id[u] tasa e(*ṣu) (30d) (*ya)‐​

42. sa eṣu tasa idu ◦ (30e) atepudi ay(*o)‍[kṣa ca] (30f) sarvam eva joho[śp]‍(*ida ◦)

43. (31a) tada uṭ́haï aghami (31b) pra[kame] y[eṇa] arśamu ◦ (31c) ṇa bhuyo piḍu [vrayiś]‍(*e)

44. (31d) ṇa ya bhujiśe bh[u]yaṇo ◦ (32a) yada yaha puṇo ghramu (32b) prav[e]kṣe bhuyaṇath[i]‐​

45. o ◦ (32c) dhriśpaṇa rua rayaṇia (32d) tam eva saña bha⟪vae⟫ ◦ (33a) sarvo aya roa[gha]da

46. (33b) yasa su kuṇavu tasa ◦ (33c) atepudi ayokṣa ca (33d) sarvam edu juho[śpi]‍(*da ◦)

47. (34a) edam edu bhaveateṇa (34b) prata me viadaraghada ◦ (34c) bramavihara ca[tva⟪r⟫a] (34d) [a]‍(*pra)‐​

48. maña subhavida ◦ (35a) tad[u] cudu kala­ghadu (35b) Brama­l⟪u⟫gha­prarayaṇo ◦ (35c) Bra(*ma­lu)‐​

49. ghu cavitvaṇa (35d) jade Baraṇasi­pure ◦ (36a) aghra­sreṭhisa ghahami (36b) jadu śpi [e]‍(*gha­pu)‐​

50. trao ◦ (36c) mahadhaṇo mahabhu⟨*gho⟩ (36d) abhiroo susaṭ́hidu ◦ (36e) prio maṇav[u] ñadi(*ṇa) (36f) (*sapa)

51. tiparami ghadu ◦ (37a) divasu pariarita (37b) kṣip[u] śaïa akapa[e]

52. (37c) lahom eva vioj̄ita (37d) adaśa [i]strie tada ◦ (38a) rmisigha [ś]i(*rase katva)

53. (38b) viṇapaṇavabherie ◦ (38c) vikṣitak[eśa] v[iva]ḍa (38d) [s]u[ta sapalavati]‍(*e ◦)

54. (39a) tasa me purima hedu (39b) upaṭ́hita mahathia ◦ (39c) śpaśaṇasaña [aś]‍(*ua)

55. (39d) asi ateuru mama ◦ (40a) tadaṇaho satvaridu (40b) viśparo aghari ta[da] (*◦)

56. (40c) vadhrodu ⟨*śpi⟩ avayi (40d) uasriṭhu samatade ◦ (41a) śayae orohitaṇa (41b) prasad[u]

57. abhiṇirkhami ◦ (41c) vivarisu mama rvara (41d) devada aṇoapi[a] ◦ (42a) [ṇ]‍(*agha)‐​

58. rade ṇikasitaṇa (42b) ṇaditiru uaghami ◦ (42c) adaśi [pa]rimu ti[r]‍(*u)

59. (42d) ṣamaṇo cakramatao ◦ (43a) tasa bahapalam e[k]u (43b) [uc]‍(*u) cha[du] + + +

60. vi ◦ (43c) vadhrodu śpi avayi (43d) uasriṭhu samata[d]‍(*e) ◦ (44a) tada [amruda]‍(*ba)‐​

61. yae (44b) alavita tasaghade ⟨*◦⟩ (44c) ehi kumara ma bhaya (44d) [id]‍(*u) [t]‍(*e ṇiru)‐​

62. vadhrodu ◦ (44e) imaśpi eva takṣaṇo (44f) viadaraghe bha[v]‍(*ida) [◦] (45a) (*ma)‍[ṇ]‍(*i)‐​

63. padua ujita (45b) ṇaditiru taritaṇa ◦ (45c) uaghami karuṇio

64. (45d) śastu apradipughalu ⟨*◦⟩ (46a) tada karuṇio śaste (46b) tiṣidu me v[i]di‐​

65. [tva]ṇa ◦ (46c) deśeṣi masuru dharmu (46d) cadu­saca­praghaśaṇo ◦ (47a) [dh]‍(*r)‍[iṭh]‍(*adha)

66. (47d) rmu aha bhate (47b) prabaja vaïṣu muṇi ◦ (47c) prabaeṣi [k]‍(*ar)‍[u]‍(*nio)

67. aṇoapae Ghudamu ◦ (48a) tada radie vivase (48b) [ṇa] ugha[daśpi] d[iv]‍(*agha)‐​

68. re ◦ (48c) asava kṣavida sarve (48d) śidihodo śpi ṇibudu ◦ (49a) eva Ya[śo kh]‍(*u)

69. rdhimadu (49b) bhikhu b[u]dhasa ṣavao ◦ (49c) śpaï karmu viaghaṣe (49d) Aṇo‐​

70. datu maha­sare ◦

71. (50a) sreṭhi­putre pure asi (50b) iśpare pitri{a}e dhaṇe ⟨*◦⟩ (50c) pidara aṇora[kṣ]‍(*i)‍[ta]‐​

72. ṇa ◦ (50d) madu micha pravatiṣu ◦ (51a) pida bhrada ya bhaïṇi (51b) ya dasa[krarma]‍(*ka)‍[ra]

73. vi ca ◦ (51c) aṇapaṇeṇa tarpeṣi (51d) madara paribhaṣiṣu ◦ (52a) ma[tsariya]‍(*va)‐​

74. śu ghatvaṇa (52b) ṇa dase bhatu madue ◦ (52c) pharuṣa bhaṣiṣu ba[ya]

75. (52d) baṭa bhujaï bhuyaṇo ◦ (53a) teṇa karma­vivagheṇa (53b) ṇiraghehi kṣ[e]‐​

76. viṣu ciru ◦ (53c) puṇa maṇośe aghatva (53d) baṭa bhujami bhuyaṇo ◦

77. (54a) taṣu taṣu jadiṣu (54b) baṭa bhuta baho mae ◦ (54c) jihitsehi s[uduh]‍(*i)‐​

78. du (54d) sadu kalo karomaho ◦ (55a) eva jadiśada paca (55b) yatra yatra ua[va]ji‐​

79. ṣu ◦ (55c) jihitsehi suduhidu (55d) sadu kalu karomaho ◦ (56a) a[ya pa]rci[majadi]

80. (56b) ladho mi maṇoṣu bhavu ◦ (56c) araghidu mi sabudhu (56d) Śaka­siho ṇarotamu [◦]

81. (57a) prabaja ya mae ladha (57b) Śaka­sihasa śaśaṇe ◦ (57c) [a]rahapa [ca mi prat]‍(*u)

82. (57d) baïhodu śpi ṣ(*a)vao ◦ (58a) edaṇi rdhi mama bhate (59b) arahatasa tadiṇo ◦

83. (58c) ghuhatare praviṭhasa (58d) [baṭa bheśa]ti bhuyaṇo ◦ (59a) su [ye]va mama avase (59b) bheśa‐​

84. {śa}di maraṇatio ◦ (59c) parcimu karma­vivaghu (59d) sarve jiṇa bhaviśadi [◦]

85. (60a) taśpi citu prasadesa (60b) pidu madu e satio ◦ (60c) vaṭ́hasa [sa]kacu ma ho

86. (60d) parce taviśasa ◦ (61a) eva ku thero Bharvayo (61b) bhikhu budhasa ṣ̄avao [◦]

87. (61c) śpaya karmu viaghaṣe (61d) Aṇodate maha­sare ☸

88. (62a) idi ekaṇava[di]me (62b) [ka]pe ṇabhiaṇami [dhr]oghadi ⟨*◦⟩ (62c) deva yeva maṇośa [ya] (62d) [thu]‐​

89. bu puyae saghadi ◦ (63a) ajaṇataa kuśalu (63b) añamañeṣu paśia ⟨*◦⟩ (63c) Vi[va]‐​

90. śisa thubu ghatvaṇa ◦ (63d) saḱaro aghari tada ◦ (64a) triṇa kaïṇiṇa hasatu (64b) ma[l]‍(*o)

91. ghadho vile[vaṇo ◦] (64c) [thu]ve aroaïtaṇa (64d) viṇivadu ṇa sasari ◦ (65a) ṇa [h]‍(*i) [ci]‐​

92. te prasaṇasa (65b) ap[i]⟨*a⟩ bhu⟨*di⟩ dhakṣiṇa ◦ (65c) tasaghade a sabudhe (65d) yeya budhaṇa [ṣ]‍(*ave)‐​

93. a ◦ (66a) sae aha budhaghuṇa (66b) jaṇamaṇa tasaghade ◦ (66c) thuve kariśe saḱa[r]o (66d) [bh]‍(*o)‐​

94. yo bh⟨*e⟩śam arśehio ◦ (67a) taśpa preaṇamaṇeṇa (67b) śastarasa baho gh[u]ṇa ◦ (67c) thu[ve k]‍(*u)‐​

95. rosa saḱaro (67d) tada [mu]kṣasa dhroghadi ◦ (68a) ghasagharaṇaho aghro (68b) ṇ[i]diṭhu sarva

96. darśiṇa ⟨*◦⟩ (68c) bahorśodu citraghasu (68d) paḍidu paḍibhaṇavu ◦ (69a) taśpa [ho atva]‐​

97. ghameṇa (69b) mahatvo abhighakṣadu (69c) sadhamu gh[u]rohatavu (6d) tada śpara b[u]dhaṇ(*a) [śa]‐​

98. śaṇo ◦ (70a) Baki[a vi]aghari śastu (70b) bhikhu­saghasa aghridu ◦ (70c) śpaya [k]‍(*a)‐​

99. rma­vivao (70d) Aṇodate maha­sare ◦ (71a) Rayaghahe pur[e a]‍(*si) (71b) (*aghra­sreṭh)‍[i m]‍(*a)‐​

100. hadhaṇo ◦ (71c) dhrohikṣu batamaṇae (71d) iṣea sarva bh⟨*u⟩ida ◦ (72a) [matsa]‍(*riye)‐​

101. ṇa oaṇadho (72b) cita cedemi pavia ◦ (72c) ku ṇo aya parvaïdu (72d) [sata bar]‍(*ṣa)‐​

102. ṇa puṣae ◦ (72e) ediśe k[a]tare (72f) dhrohikṣe vatamaṇae ◦ (73a) peavitaṇa bha[t]‍(*u)

103. (73b) aśpa­mutreṇa kvachia ◦ (73c) ta bhikhu aśaveṣi (73d) su ya kalu a[k]ro viṣu (*◦)

104. (74a) teṇa karma­vivagheṇa (74b) ṇiraghehi kṣeviṣu ciro ◦ (74c) [tada]

105. karmavaśeṣeṇa (74d) yatra yatra uavajiṣu ◦ (74e) jihitsahi suduhidu (74f) sa‐​

106. du kalu karemaho ◦ (75a) e⟨*v⟩a jadiśada paca (75b) yatra yatra uavajiṣu [◦]

107. (75c) jihitsehi suduhidu (75d) sadu kalu karemaho ◦ (76a) aya parcimia

108. jadi (76b) ladhro mi maṇoṣu bhavu ◦

109. (76c) araghidu mi sabudho (76d) Śa[ka­si]ho ṇarotamu ◦ (77a) [pra]ba[ja] ya [mae] (*la)‐​

110. dha (77b) Śaka­sihasa śaśaṇo ◦ (77c) arahapa ca me pratu (77d) baïhoda śp[i] ṣavao (*◦)

111. (78a) edaṇi bhi mama bhate (78b) arahatasa tadiṇo ◦ (78c) yaüdaeṇa [ya]ve[mi] (78d) [ghila]‐​

112. ṇo [pa]ravatio ◦ (79a) eva ku Ṇadio thero (79b) Aṇorudha­sahayao ◦ (79c) śpaï [ka]‐​

113. rmu viaghaṣe (79d) Aṇodate maha­⟨*sa⟩re ○ (80a) kaṇe karita Sumaṇa{ṇa} (80b) mala [a śi]‍(*rase)

114. krida ◦ (80c) uyaṇa[h]omi ṇ[i]asi (80d) va[ya]sehi puraḱidu ◦ (81a) tatra da[śi ma]‐​

115. ha­thubu (81b) Vivaśisa śirimad[u] ◦ (81c) jaṇa­ghayu samaghatva (81d) saḱarisu ma‐​

116. {ma}hisu [ya] ◦ (82a) de vayasa samaghatva ◦ (82b) śpagho malu ghrahi[tvaṇa] (*◦)

117. (82c) aroaïsu thuvaśpi (82d) prasaṇa­maṇa­cedasa ◦ (83a) teṣu aho dhrispaṇa (83b) aña‐​

118. mañaṇa paśia ◦ (83c) kaṇade ghriha sumaṇa (83d) thuve aroae śpa[e] (*◦) (84a) (*ṇa hi)

119. citu prasaṇasa (84b) a[pi]a bhud[i] dhakṣiṇa ◦ (84c) tasaghada a sabudha (84d) ye ya (*b)‍[udh]‍(*a)‐​

120. ṇa ṣave[a ◦] (85a) s[ae] aha budhaghuṇa (85b) jaṇamaṇa tasaghadu ◦ (85c) thuve [kariśe]

121. saḱaro (85d) bhoya bh[e]śam a[sre]hio ◦ (86a) taśpa ho peaṇamaṇeṇa (86b) śastara[sa]

122. baho ghuṇa ◦ (86c) thuve k[u]rusa saḱaru (86d) tada mukṣasa dhrogh[adi ◦] (87a) [e]‍(*ko)

123. puśpu caïtaṇa (87b) sahasu barṣakuḍiṇa ⟨*◦⟩ (87c) devehi pariarita (87d) avaśe‐​

124. ṣe mi ṇibudi [◦] (88a) (*e)daho [śpa]rami [bhat]e [◦] (88b) e[k]o [puśpu ca]‍(*ïtaṇa ◦)

125. (88c) aṇohodu phal(*u) tasa (88d) [ṇa h]‍(*i) [ka]rmu praṇaśadi ◦ (89a) eva Kusuma (*o the)‐​

126. ro (89b) bhikhu budhasa ṣavao (*◦) (89c) śpaï karmu viaghaṣe (89d) Aṇo[date] maha­[sare] (*◦)

Source: Salomon 2008


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